What can the size distribution of sediments tell researchers?

The size distribution of sediments plays a crucial role in understanding the processes that shaped their deposition. By analyzing the particle sizes, researchers can infer how sediments were transported—whether they were carried by wind, water, or ice—and the energy conditions present during that process. For example, larger sediments typically require greater energy to move, suggesting strong currents or waves during deposition, while finer sediments may indicate calmer conditions. This information helps reconstruct past environmental conditions and offers insights into historical climate changes.

While the mineral composition of sediments, sediment color changes, and the age of sediments are all important aspects of sedimentology, they do not provide the same level of understanding regarding the dynamics of transport mechanisms and deposition energy as size distribution does.