What challenge does plastic pollution pose to marine ecosystems?

Plastic pollution poses a significant threat to marine ecosystems by affecting both biodiversity and habitats. When plastics enter the oceans, they can be ingested by a wide variety of marine organisms, ranging from small fish to large marine mammals. This ingestion can lead to physical harm or even death, diminishing populations of affected species.

Moreover, plastic debris can also change habitats. For example, large pieces of plastic can create new surfaces for organisms to inhabit, potentially disrupting the natural balance of ecosystems. This alteration can lead to the decline of native species and the proliferation of those that can thrive in disturbed environments, thereby further threatening marine biodiversity.

The impacts of plastic pollution extend beyond individual species to the overall health of ecosystems, which are crucial for maintaining ecological balance, supporting food webs, and providing essential services to human populations. Thus, the correct answer highlights the multifaceted challenges that plastic pollution introduces to marine environments and their inhabitants.