What impact does plastic pollution have on ocean sediments?

Plastic pollution significantly alters sediment composition and harms marine life. As plastics break down into smaller particles known as microplastics, they become integrated into ocean sediments. This integration can lead to changes in the physical and chemical properties of the sediments, potentially impacting the organisms that rely on these sediments for habitat and food.

By altering sediment composition, microplastics can influence the habitats of benthic organisms, which are crucial for the health of marine ecosystems. These particles may also introduce toxic substances into the sediment environment, further harming marine life, including benthic flora and fauna. Research has indicated that microplastics can be ingested by marine organisms, leading to potential bioaccumulation and adverse effects throughout the food chain.

In contrast, the other options do not accurately reflect the realities observed in marine environments affected by plastic pollution. For example, plastic pollution does not enhance sediment formation, nor does it promote the growth of phytoplankton. Furthermore, the statement that it has no significant impact does not align with the growing body of evidence highlighting the detrimental effects of plastics on marine ecosystems.