Which environmental changes can ocean sediment studies reveal?

Ocean sediment studies can reveal variations in ocean temperature because sediments accumulate over time, trapping various biological and chemical signals. These signals can include microscopic organisms whose distribution and community structure vary with temperature changes. For instance, certain foraminifera (a type of microscopic plankton) thrive in warmer waters, while others are more prevalent in cooler conditions. By analyzing the composition of these sediments, scientists can infer historical temperature fluctuations and gain insights into past climate conditions. This information allows researchers to understand how ocean temperatures have changed over time, which is critical for assessing broader environmental shifts and climate change impacts.

The other choices, while related to environmental studies, do not directly stem from ocean sediment analyses in the same way. Changes in atmospheric pressure are typically monitored through meteorological data rather than sediments. Altering sea turtle migration patterns and shifting predatory fish populations involve ecological and behavioral studies that may not be directly indicated by sediment analysis. While these phenomena can be influenced by ocean temperature and other factors, they do not directly reveal temperature variations through sediment studies like the correct answer does.